- juliedalgobbo
Name: David Weir
Current position: Faculty
Affiliation: University of Helsinki
Field of research: Numerical methods for early universe cosmology; simulations; lattice Monte Carlo
What is your career trajectory to date?
I started as an undergrad in Edinburgh in 2002, before dropping out and moving to London, where I studied at Imperial right through to my PhD. I finished my PhD in 2011, and then moved to Helsinki, Finland to start a postdoc. After three years in Helsinki I ended up in Stavanger, Norway as a Marie Curie intra-European Fellow. I returned to Helsinki in 2016, before getting a five-year Ernest Rutherford Fellowship in Nottingham, moving back to the UK in early 2019. My time in Nottingham was short-lived, however, as I was fortunate enough to get a tenure track job back in Helsinki, which I started in the autumn of that year.
What are the most exciting open questions in your research area?
Thinking quite specifically about my immediate research field, I think the exact nature of turbulence after an early universe phase transition is interesting. Correctly getting a handle on it takes a range of analytical and numerical skills and working with really cool people.
What do you like and dislike about being a scientist?
I like the teamwork, the problem solving, the meeting new people, and helping others learn new skills and develop themselves. Discovering new things, or figuring things out as part of a team is a wonderful feeling.
I’m not so keen on the endless rankings, metrics and performance measures that have become a part of academia over the past couple of decades. The overt sexism and other discrimination that our colleagues face even today drives me up the wall, as do the subtler acts of discrimination that mean we lose many great scientists because they’re made to feel they don’t (or won’t) fit in.
Which of your skills are you most proud of, or find most useful?
I’ve realised that the most fun thing about science – and the most challenging thing – is working with different people. I think I could do a lot better at it, but actually talking to people and making sure they have what they need to do science is by far the most fun I have on a daily basis.
In your career so far, at what point were you the most excited, and what were you excited about?
There was a point in the middle of my first postdoc where I was working on studying gravitational waves from first-order phase transitions. It was a change of field for me, and I wasn’t sure if there was anything interesting to see. But one day the simulation results came back, and it soon became clear that what we were seeing did not match the theoretical modelling of the time. It felt like a turning point; we saw a phenomenon in our simulations that was previously unknown. It was also the fulcrum on which my career pivoted; until then I wasn’t too sure what kind of simulations I wanted to do, or whether anyone would hire me to do them. That result, once published, would help to change that.
What new skills would you like to learn in the next year?
I want to get better at time management! It feels like it’s the job of a lifetime, but I would like to at least try. On a more technical level, a lot of people are now using multiple graphics processing units (GPUs) for parallel simulations; I want to get better at writing code for them – while also keeping the learning curve as shallow as possible for my early-career colleagues.
What advances or new results are you excited about or looking forward to?
I’m looking forward to improved constraints on (or evidence for) gravitational waves from pulsar timing arrays, and to future gravitational wave detectors like LISA and TianQin.
What is the biggest obstacle that is slowing down your research field right now?
Science is (still) overrun with people with a lot of privilege, like me. Our field – particularly the area of numerical methods in theoretical physics and cosmology – needs to become a lot more diverse and welcoming to people of all backgrounds. That way we will recruit more of the best people and hopefully keep them around to lead our field in the future. Efforts to improve this need to be wired in at every career stage from kindergarten to 5-year fellowships, and I don’t think we’ve gone nearly far enough at any of these stages.
What role do you think a community network like EuCAPT can play in developing theoretical astroparticle physics and cosmology in Europe?
The great thing about EuCAPT is how it has managed to cultivate a sense of community entirely virtually, and I am excited to see that continue.
We are all becoming more aware of the heavy burden on the environment from the academic lifestyle of endless travel (not to mention the strain it places on us, our relationships and those for whom we have caring responsibilities). It’s unfair on our peers and on the environment to pretend that in-person events with no possibility of remote participation should be the norm. The pandemic only serves to strengthen this argument. I hope EuCAPT will continue to innovate in finding ways to connect scientists – without returning us to endless time spent on aeroplanes away from our loved ones.
What’s your favorite food?
How the rest of the world survives without Finnish rye bread is a mystery to me. Karelian pasties are also delicious. I even like Mämmi. Basically, if it’s from Finland and made from rye, it’s probably good.
Have you lived in a different European country than you do now? If so, would you like to tell us something about it, e.g. a fond memory or something you found surprising?
I grew up in Scotland, studied in London, but my academic career since my PhD has been in the Nordics. From Scotland, I miss the mountains and the people; from London, I miss the sheer liveliness of the place. But I’m very happy in Finland and couldn’t think of anywhere I’d rather work.
How do you like to relax after a hard day of work?
I enjoy reading, especially poetry: I’m a fan of Jackie Kay, Norman MacCaig, Edwin Morgan (all the Scottish poets I rolled my eyes at in high school; turns out they’re quite good actually). I also like baking tasty things.
Do you have any non-physics interests that you would like to share?
Over the past couple of years I’ve taken a lot of pedagogical courses and it’s completely changed how I view not only my teaching but also my entire field. It has given me a vocabulary to describe the inequities I see in higher education, the tools to make my pedagogy more inclusive, and the motivation to reflect on my own teaching, research and leadership activities.
Less directly related to my work, I enjoy going for hikes (in the Finnish forest or the Scottish mountains).
If you were not a scientist, what do you think you would be doing?
I think a lot of my non-physics experiences that could influence my answer here are a result of where physics has taken me. But if I could see myself working anywhere else, it would be in conservation: understanding the land and what grows and lives on it, interpreting it for others, and making people feel a sense of belonging and understanding of their environments.
What do you hope to see accomplished scientifically in the next 50 years?
I’ve decided to make this list about science in general, and to be realistic about what might happen (so, no direct detection of magnetic monopoles, no matter how cool that would be). I’d like to see an understanding of the pathogenesis of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease – and, related, perhaps – the folding behaviour of proteins. A resolution of the Hubble tension, and (again, maybe related) an elucidation of dark matter and dark energy. An explanation for the baryon asymmetry of the universe would be nice, too.
What question would you have liked us to ask you, and what would you have responded?
Where do you see yourself in five years is always a good one, right? And I’d answer – right here in Helsinki having fun, learning about the early universe, and working with and teaching wonderful people.
- juliedalgobbo
Name: Mariam Tórtola
Current position: Faculty
Affiliation: IFIC (CSIC/Universitat de València) and Theoretical Physics Department (Universitat de València)
Field of research: Neutrino physics phenomenology
What is your career trajectory to date?
After my PhD at IFIC (Valencia, Spain), I worked as postdoctoral researcher at IST (Lisbon, Portugal) and Hamburg University (Germany). Next, I came back to Spain with a senior postdoctoral position and got a tenure track position (Ramón y Cajal) in 2015. Since 2020 I am Associate Professor at IFIC and Theoretical Physics Department at Valencia University.
What are the most exciting open questions in your research area?
The nature of neutrinos, the mechanism responsible for the generation of neutrino masses, the violation of CP symmetry in the leptonic sector and its connection with the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe.
What do you like and dislike about being a scientist?
I do not enjoy tough competition among scientists. I understand that some degree of competition is inherent to science and it has driven progress in research, but strong competition has also a dark side. I feel more comfortable in more collaborative and less aggressive environments.
Which of your skills are you most proud of, or find most useful?
I am a very organized and thorough person, which is useful for me to be able to deal with the different tasks and responsibilities of my job: teaching, research, administration, mentoring, outreach...
In your career so far, at what point were you the most excited, and what were you excited about?
My PhD times were very exciting. During this period, we learned a lot about neutrino oscillations thanks to many experiments as Super-Kamiokande, SNO or KamLAND.
What new skills would you like to learn in the next year?
I am very curious about deep learning techniques applied to particle physics. I hope to have some time to learn a little about this topic.
What advances or new results are you excited about or looking forward to?
The observation of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) has provided an extremely useful tool to explore neutrino phenomenology beyond the Standard Model.
What is the biggest obstacle that is slowing down your research field right now?
I don't feel like there is a slowdown in my research field at the moment. In my opinion, there is a significant experimental effort on many fronts that will contribute to the development of the field.
What role do you think a community network like EuCAPT can play in developing theoretical astroparticle physics and cosmology in Europe?
I think EuCAPT can contribute very significantly to the exchange of ideas within the european community.
What’s your favorite food?
I am a big fan of italian pasta and pizza. A conference in Italy always has an added attraction.
Have you lived in a different European country than you do now? If so, would you like to tell us something about it, e.g. a fond memory or something you found surprising?
I have been very lucky to have lived in such wonderful cities as Lisbon and Hamburg, although I must confess that I really suffered from the lack of light in the winter of Hamburg.
How do you like to relax after a hard day of work?
I like chatting with my kids about their day, and reading a book with them or alone after dinner.
Do you have any non-physics interests that you would like to share?
On weekends I like to go for a walk in the mountains with my family or go on a motorcycle route with my husband.
If you were not a scientist, what do you think you would be doing?
I think I would be a teacher and, probably, I would be involved in politics at some level.
What do you hope to see accomplished scientifically in the next 50 years?
I hope that most of the unknowns about neutrino physics today will be solved: their Dirac or Majorana nature, their connection with the baryon asymmetry of the universe,... I also hope the nature of dark matter will be discovered by then.
- juliedalgobbo
Name: Ricardo Zambujal Ferreira
Current position: Postdoc
Affiliation: IFAE, Barcelona
Field of research: Early universe, gravity and axions
What is your career trajectory to date?
I studied at the U.Porto in Portugal, and did my PhD at the CP3-Origins Institute in Denmark. Then, the postdoc tour started, first at the Institut of Cosmic Sciences, at the U. Barcelona, then a postdoc fellow at Nordita-Stockholm, and finally at IFAE (U. Autónoma Barcelona), where I started as a postdoc and recently became a Beatriu de Pinós fellow.
What are the most exciting open questions in your research area?
Quite a few. From more theoretical ones, the cosmological constant problem (the elephant in the room) and somewhat related questions such as de-Sitter stability and the microphysics of inflation; to more phenomenological aspects, can we detect or exclude the QCD axion in the next 20 years?
What do you like and dislike about being a scientist?
On the plus side, definitely the freedom of thought and unconstrained mind-roaming. The negative side is the systemic problem with research in Europe where it takes longer and longer to achieve professional stability and all the side effects that that has on you, your family and friends.
Which of your skills are you most proud of, or find most useful?
I consider myself a creative person with a good intuition. That has helped doing several short-cuts in my research.
In your career so far, at what point were you the most excited, and what were you excited about?
I think it is very exciting when we believe we are proposing something new. That has happened with some of my research projects like the model I proposed for inflation or the new ways to probe the QCD axion with the CMB.
What advances or new results are you excited about or looking forward to?
Recently, three pulsar timing arrays collaborations found evidence for a signal at nanoHertz frequencies. Is it a stochastic background of gravitational waves from supermassive black holes, some systematic effects or something not so expected...?
What is the biggest obstacle that is slowing down your research field right now?
Easy one, the finitude of daytime.
What role do you think a community network like EuCAPT can play in developing theoretical astroparticle physics and cosmology in Europe?
I believe it is important for us, in particular theoreticians like me that usually work in small teams, to feel that we are part of a larger community.
What’s your favorite food?
Codfish à Brás! Portuguese are known for their love for salty codfish, I couldn't disappoint my compatriots.
Have you lived in a different European country than you do now? If so, would you like to tell us something about it, e.g. a fond memory or something you found surprising?
Portugal, Denmark, Spain and Sweden. After experience this European North-South dichotomy, I feel that I now understand the importance of sun and cozy homes but also of unplanned joy and gatherings.
How do you like to relax after a hard day of work?
Doing some sport, having a glass of wine and chill out with wife and friends.
Do you have any non-physics interests that you would like to share?
I love maps and geography. I might also be a big football fan...
If you were not a scientist, what do you think you would be doing?
As a kid I wanted to be a football player. When the reality check came, I also found neuroscience an exciting option.
What do you hope to see accomplished scientifically in the next 50 years?
To detect the QCD axion in the range where it is the dark matter. It would be two birds in one shot.